Folletos Informativos de Biosólidos de la EPA: Control de olores en el manejo de biosólidos. Parte 3

Fuente: www.epa.gov

DESEMPEÑO

La siguiente tabla muestra la eficiencia de la remoción de una variedad de tecnologías utilizadas para el control de olores. En los últimos 5 años se ha optimizado el diseño y la operación de los biofiltros, y el proceso se entiende mucho mejor que en el pasado. La mayoría de los trabajos relacionados con los biofiltros se refieren a las actividades realizadas en las instalaciones de compostaje, pero debido a su bajo costo estos también están siendo evaluados para su uso en las instalaciones de secado térmico.

Como es el caso de cualquier equipo para el control de olores, la eficiencia de la remoción es solamente un aspecto de la eficacia de todo el sistema. El modelaje del olor identifica receptores del olor y determina la probabilidad de detectar los olores fuera del sitio de generación.

COSTOS

Los costos para el control del olor varían significativamente de un emplazamiento a otro y de una tecnología a otra. En la instalación de compostaje del distrito de calidad de agua de Hoosac (Hoosac Water Quality District) el biofiltro representó menos del 3% del costo de inversión, y el reemplazo del medio fue cerca del 7% del costo de operación y mantenimiento (Alix, 1998). Los depuradores húmedos de fases múltiples y los oxidadores termales regenerativos pueden representar del 30% al 50% de los costos de inversión y de funcionamiento de una instalación procesadora de biosólidos. Los costos del permanganato de potasio son de un millón de dólares por año en una instalación que deshidrata e incinera 60 toneladas secas por día, lo cual corresponde a $45 por tonelada seca.

La siguiente tabla compara los factores de costo de cada tecnología. Las instalaciones que procesan biosólidos deben presupuestar además, fondos para realizar una investigación extensa de los olores, utilizar el modelaje de olor cuando sea posible, evitar condiciones sépticas en el agua residual y los sólidos, evaluar los polímeros y las prácticas de mezcla de líquidos y de almacenamiento, mantener los registros de reclamos y de condiciones de olores fétidos, e incorporar términos en los contratos de aplicación al terreno para asegurar que se utilicen las mejores prácticas de manejo.

REFERENCIAS

Otros folletos informativos relacionados

Estabilización alcalina de biosólidos
EPA 832-F-00-052
Septiembre de 2000

Compostaje en recipientes
EPA 832-F-00-061
Septiembre de 2000

Aplicación al terreno de biosólidos
EPA 832-F-00-064
Septiembre de 2000

Deshidratación por centrifugación y
espesamiento
EPA 832-F-00-053
Septiembre de 2000

Deshidratación en filtros prensa
EPA 832-F-00-057
Septiembre de 2000

Deshidratación en filtros de banda horizontales
EPA 832-F-00-058
Septiembre de 2000

Otros folletos informativos de la EPA pueden obtenerse en la siguiente dirección de Internet:
http://www.epa.gov/owmitnet/mtbfact.htm

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36. McGinley, C.M.; and Mann, J.”International Standard Methods of Olfactometry and Associated Methods Used by Major Sewerage Districts for the Assessment of Stationary and Ambient Odors.” Odor and Volatile Organic Compound Emission Control for Municipal and Industrial Treatment Facilities Proceedings. Florida Water Environment Association. Jacksonville. 1994.
37. Murray, Charles M. Thompson, Joel L., Ireland, James S., “Process Control Improvements at Composting Sites” Biocycle Magazine, December, 1991 38.
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39. Nowak, Mickey J. “Fast-Track Odor Control: A Chemical Solution Stifles Odors, Neighbor’s Complaints at Regional Treatment Plant.” “Operations Forum.” Volume 10. Number 6. August 1996.
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41. O’Brian, Joseph E. “Design for Change.” “Operations Forum”, WEF, July 1999.
42. Pisarczyk, Kenneth S. and Rossi, Laurie A.“Sludge Odor Control and Improved Dewatering with Potassium Permanganate.” Presented at the 55th Annual Conference of the Water Pollution Control Federation. St.Louis, Missouri. 1992.
43. Pisotti, D.A. “Evaluation and Comparison of Biofiltration and Conventional Odor Control Technologies.” Odor and Volatile Organic Compound Emission Control for Municipal and Industrial Treatment Facilities Proceedings. Florida Water Environment Association. Jacksonville.1994.
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45. Porter, R.C., Hoydysh, W.G., Barfield, E.T.”Odors: Demonstrating Compliance at Publicly-Owned Treatment Works.” Odor and Volatile Organic Compound Emission Control for Municipal and Industrial Treatment Facilities Proceedings. Florida Water Environment Association. Jacksonville. 1994.
46. Richardson, B. “Automated Control of Hydrogen Peroxide in Odor Control Technology.” Odor and Volatile Organic
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INFORMACION ADICIONAL

Post Buckley Schuh & Jernigan, Inc.
Larry Hentz, V.P. Wastewater Program
Manager
One Town Center, Suite 302
4201 North View Drive
Bowie, MD 20716

National Biosolids Partnership
Peter S. Machno, Ph.D.
601 Wythe Street
Alexandria, VA 22313

Steve T, Welch
Assistant Executive to the Director
University Area Joint Authority
1576 Spring Valley Road
State College, PA 16801

U.S. EPA,
John Walker
Mail Code 4204
401 M St., S.W.
Washington, DC 20460

City of Los Angeles
Ray Kearney
12000 Vista Del Mar
Playa Del Rey, CA 90293

Para mayor información, contactarse con:
Municipal Technology Branch, U.S. EPA
Mail Code 4204,
200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Washington, D.C., 20460